Why did the White Witch curse Narnia with a perpetual winter?

Why did the White Witch turn creatures to stone?

These two questions came to my mind in my most recent re-reading – more on that here – of the first book of the Chronicles of Narnia. I’m a read according to the publishing date person, so yes, I consider The Lion, The Witch, And The Wardrobe to be book 1 of the series. Just like I think the first Star Wars movie anyone should watch is A New Hope, but that’s another post.

These are two very central elements to the first book of the Chronicles.
1) The curse of the Narnian winter, and 2) the Witch’s ability to turn the Narnians into stone.
Why did C. S. Lewis choose these? What’s the significance of these “powers”? After some thought, I have an idea, a theory if you will.

Warning, massive spoilers ahead if you have not read the books or watched the films. You’ve been warned. Now, go read the books.

My theory – Why Winter?

If you haven’t noticed yet, symbols are important in the world C. S. Lewis created. Although the Chronicles of Narnia is a fantastic fantasy series it is primarily allegorical, it’s supposed to be, Lewis explicitly intended it to be so. Therefore, the Witches powers of winter and stone are not just central to the plot and her character development, but are highly symbolic.

“The White Witch? Who is she?”
“Why, it is she that has got all Narnia under her thumb. It’s she that makes it always winter. Always winter and never Christmas; think of that!”

A conversation between Lucy and Mr. Tumnus; The Lion, The Witch, And The Wardrobe, by C. S. Lewis

Why? Because Christmas is a celebration of life. Whether it is the pagan roots of the end of winter, or the Christian roots of the birth of Jesus, Christmas is inherently a celebration of life. Who is uniquely tied to life in the Chronicles? Aslan.

Aslan is pitted a the opposite of the Witch. The Beavers call him the true King of Narnia, making the Witch a usurper. He is the good and wise King of Narnia, she is the wicked and cruel tyrant. Aslan’s power brings comfort and boldness at just the mention of his name. The Witch in appearance and name inspires terror and doubt – she is called “witch” for good reason.

So, the Witch, as the usurping, illegitimate tyrant over Narnia seeks to squash out anything even remotely Aslan-ish. She plays to the natural order of things: nature slows down in the winter, and much of Narnia is nature – the talking beasts, the dryads, and the naiads, etc. – so the best way to subdue her subjects is a perpetual winter. It’s logical and mythical.

My theory – Why Stone?

Edmund saw the Witch bite her lips so that a drop of blood appeared on her white cheek. Then she raised her wand. “Oh, don’t, don’t, please don’t,” shouted Edmund, but even while he was shouting she had waved her wand and instantly where the merry party had been there were only statues of creatures (one with its stone fork fixed forever halfway to its stone mouth) seated round a stone table on which there were stone plates and a stone plum pudding.

The Lion, The Witch, And The Wardrobe, by C. S. Lewis

Why stone? Much like the first part of the theory, this has to do with life and therefore being the antithesis of Aslan.

The Witch wanted complete control over Narnia, probably because it was not hers to begin with. The control you can have over a living thing is quite limited, but you can do whatever you want to stone. Stone can’t talk back, stone can’t act in defiance, stone can’t even raise its paw in polite question, because stone isn’t alive.

It’s fascinating to think of the true king, Aslan, and then the children afterwards, and how they rule. They rule justly, and kindly over living creatures in a thriving kingdom. The Witch can only wield her power well over a dead land, and dead stone people.
Apply whatever sociopolitical analogies you see fit, there are many.

Aslan, the Jesus Christ character, is the opposite, as I said. He rules powerfully over living creatures in a thriving land. He quite literally brings life with his very breath in the scene where he breathes the stone spell away from all the statues in the Witch’s castle. In the most ultimate example of this power of stone, death, and life, in the chapter titled “The Triumph of the Witch”, Aslan is slain on the Stone Table.
The What? That’s right, the Stone Table. Aslan is killed with a stone knife on the Stone Table.
And then… as the sun rises, the table cracks in two, and Aslan lives.
The Witch uses stone to kill, to defeat, but Aslan’s power of life over death can never be defeated. This theme is all through this book, and the whole series.

“Who is Aslan?” asked Susan.
“Aslan?” said Mr. Beaver, “Why, don’t you know? He’s the King. He’s the Lord of the whole wood, but not often here, you understand. Never in my time or my father’s time. But the word has reached us that he has come back. He is in Narnia at this moment. He’ll settle the White Queen all right. It is he, not you, that will save Mr. Tumnus.”
“She won’t turn him into stone too?” said Edmund.
“Lord love you, Son of Adam, what a simple thing to say!” answered Mr. Beaver with a great laugh. “Turn him into stone? If she can stand on her two feet and look him in the face it’ll be the most she can do and more than I expect of her. No, no. He’ll put all to rights, as it says in an old rhyme in these parts:

Wrong will be right, when Aslan comes in sight,
At the sound of his roar, sorrows will be no more,
When he bares his teeth, winter meets its death
And when he shakes his mane, we shall have spring again.

You’ll understand when you see him.”
“But shall we see him?” asked Susan.
“Why, Daughter of Eve, that’s what I brought you here for. I’m to lead you where you shall meet him,” said Mr. Beaver.
“Is–is he a man?” asked Lucy.
“Aslan a man!” said Mr. Beaver sternly. “Certainly not. I tell you he is the King of the wood and the son of the great Emperor-Beyond-the-Sea. Don’t you know who is the King of Beasts? Aslan is a lion–the Lion, the great Lion.”
“Ooh!” said Susan, “I’d thought he was a man. Is he–quite safe? I shall feel rather nervous about meeting a lion.”
“That you will, dearie, and no mistake,” said Mrs. Beaver. “If there’s anyone who can appear before Aslan without their knees knocking, they’re either braver than most or else just silly.”
“Then he isn’t safe?” said Lucy.
“Safe?” said Mr. Beaver. “Don’t you hear what Mrs. Beaver tells you? Who said anything about safe? ’Course he isn’t safe. But he’s good. He’s the King, I tell you.”

The Lion, The Witch, And The Wardrobe, by C. S. Lewis

Now, a word of warning. Don’t go hunting for themes and connections like this. I made the connection only lightly while I read, and thought deeper about it afterwards. Enjoy the story. Don’t ruin the moment. Especially for someone else, especially for a child.

Go forth! And read well!

Soli Deo Gloria